Frequently Asked Questions
How do I calculate my freelance hourly rate in Australia?
Start with your desired annual take-home pay. Add income tax, Medicare Levy, superannuation contributions, insurance, and business expenses. Add a profit margin for gaps and emergencies. Then divide by your realistic billable hours per year (typically 1,200β1,500 hours). That's your minimum hourly rate before GST.
Do I need to register for GST?
You must register for GST if your annual turnover is $75,000 or more ($150,000 for non-profits). Below that, registration is optional. If registered, you charge clients an additional 10% GST on top of your rate and can claim GST credits on business purchases. You'll need to lodge Business Activity Statements (BAS) quarterly or monthly. The GST you collect isn't your income β it goes to the ATO.
What is a good freelance rate in Australia?
Rates vary by industry and city. Software developers typically charge $100β$200+/hour, designers $70β$150/hour, writers $60β$120/hour, and consultants $120β$300+/hour. Rates in Sydney and Melbourne tend to be higher than other cities. Calculate YOUR number based on your actual costs rather than guessing from averages.
Do I need to pay my own super as a sole trader?
Sole traders are not legally required to pay super for themselves β but you absolutely should. Without employer Superannuation Guarantee (SG) contributions, your retirement savings will fall dramatically behind. You can make personal contributions and claim a tax deduction for them, which also reduces your income tax bill. The current SG rate is 11.5%, rising to 12% from 1 July 2025.
What is the Medicare Levy Surcharge?
The Medicare Levy is 2% of your taxable income, paid by most Australian taxpayers. On top of this, if you earn over $93,000 and don't have private hospital cover, you'll pay the Medicare Levy Surcharge (MLS) β an additional 1% to 1.5% depending on income. This is why many freelancers earning above this threshold take out private health insurance: the premiums are often cheaper than the surcharge.
Should I operate as a sole trader or company?
Sole traders pay individual income tax rates (19β45%) on all business income. Companies pay a flat 25% tax rate on profits up to $50 million. However, company structures cost more to set up and maintain ($800β$2,000/year in ASIC fees and accounting), and accessing company profits personally triggers additional tax. A company structure generally makes sense when your income consistently exceeds $120,000β$150,000 and you can leave profits in the business. Speak with an accountant about your specific situation.